منابع مشابه
Chemical Conditionality A GeneticStrategy to Probe Organelle Assembly
The assembly of the Escherichia coli outer membrane (OM) is poorly understood. Although insight into fundamental cellular processes is often obtained from studying mutants, OM-defective mutants have not been very informative because they generally have nonspecific permeability defects. Here we show that toxic small molecules can be used in selections employing strains with permeability defects ...
متن کاملIMF Conditionality
This paper presents a principal-agent model of IMF conditional lending, in the aftermath of a “capital-account” liquidity crisis. We show that traditional ex-post conditionality can be e¤ective in safeguarding the Fund’s resources, allowing for the provision of e¢cient emergency lending and reducing ine¢cient ex-ante credit rationing if the capital out‡ow which triggers the crisis is not excess...
متن کاملConditionality and Ownership
I will divide my comments in five parts. First, I will focus on the nature of relationship between an individual country and the IMF. Unless this context is properly analyzed the subsequent discussion on conditionality and ownership will remain incomplete. Second, I will offer a few suggestions about the division of labor between the IMF and the World Bank. The next three sections will be focus...
متن کاملEuropean Union Enlargement Conditionality
As the European integration project evolved tremendously over time, so did its enlargement policy. Consequently, EU enlargement policy became a prominent research area over the years with a growing literature on its aspects and implications. This book adds to that agenda, contributing to the literature on EU enlargement conditionality. In particular, the book offers a new and innovative model f...
متن کامل15 Donor Conditionality and Policy
My focus is on the use by aid donor agencies of conditionality to induce changes in economic policies and institutions. At the most general level, this throws light on whether it is feasible to use donor leverage to overcome weak institutions and anti-reformist governments – whether it is possible to use this as a device for prevailing over domestic political constraints on the adoption of bett...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Cell
سال: 2005
ISSN: 0092-8674
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.014